Orangutans preferred photographs of adults over infants, and males over females. In Study 3, preferences were assessed using photographs of the nine members of the participantsвЂ™ own orangutan social group. Study 2 results showed that orangutans preferred photographs of familiar orangutans over unfamiliar orangutans. The results of Study 1 showed that orangutans preferred photographs of unfamiliar orangutans over unfamiliar humans. Orangutans exhibited moderate interest in looking at photographs, with four orangutans participating in Study 1 and Study 2, and six orangutans participating in Study 3. Preference was measured by calculating the relative looking time for photographs from each stimulus category, over three studies. Orangutans were presented with two photographs simultaneously on two identical laptop computers. Spontaneous looking preferences were assessed in six zoo-housed orangutans. These findings suggest a bias for a feeling-of-familiarity that chimpanzees perceive familiarity with an intermediate face by detecting traces of a known individual, as 50% alternation is sufficient to perceive familiarity. We excluded the possibility that subjects merely detected and avoided traces of morphing in the intermediate faces. Interestingly, chimpanzees looked at intermediate faces in a manner similar to familiar faces with regards to the fixation duration, fixation count, and saccade length for facial scanning, even though the participant was encountering the intermediate faces for the first time. We found that chimpanzees spent more time looking at novel faces and scanned novel faces more extensively than familiar or intermediate faces. We presented eight subjects with three types of stimuli: (1) familiar faces, (2) novel faces and (3) intermediate morphed faces that were 50% familiar and 50% novel faces of conspecifics. Using a morphing technique and preferential-looking paradigm, we address this question via the chimpanzeeвЂ™s facialвЂ“recognition abilities. However, the behaviors of animals when they encounter ambiguous faces of familiar yet novel conspecifics, e.g., strangers with faces resembling known individuals, have not been well characterised. Highly social animals possess a well-developed ability to distinguish the faces of familiar from novel conspecifics to induce distinct behaviors for maintaining society. However, few studies have investigated how animals behave when they encounter ambiguous faces of familiar yet novel conspecifics, e.g., strangers with faces resembling known individuals.

Notably, many social animals can distinguish between familiar and unfamiliar faces of conspecifics, such as humans (Bentin et al., 1996 Rossion, Schiltz & Crommelinck, 2003), chimpanzees (Boysen & Berntson, 1989 Fukushima et al., 2013) (Parr et al., 2000), orangutans (Hanazuka et al., 2013 Vonk & Hamilton, 2014), gorilla (Vonk & Hamilton, 2014), rhesus monkeys (Gothard, Erickson & Amaral, 2004 Murai et al., 2011), capuchin monkeys (Pokorny & De Waal, 2009), dogs (Racca et al., 2010), sheep (Kendrick et al., 2001), cattle (Coulon et al., 2009), pigeons (Wilkinson, Specht & Huber, 2010) and even invertebrates (Chittka & Dyer, 2012). Distinction between in-and out-group members based on faces has greatly influenced the evolution of society, leading to individualised relationships and cooperative networks (Hamilton, 1964).

There are number of high-medium vocalizations that they use, and they have also been observed to вЂњdrumвЂќ against the roots of trees with their fists to show excitement, often at the start of the hunt.Д¬himpanzees are listed as Endangered on the IUCN redlist. The food is shared according to the strict social hierarchy in the group.Д¬ommunication is very important to Chimpanzee society. The whole group co-operates when hunting, and they have been known to target other primates, monkeys, and small tree dwelling mammals. The social group is ruled by an alpha male.В Chimpanzees can live up to 50 years old.Д¬himpanzees are very efficient hunters. In the wild, Chimpanzees often live in large social groups, with a very strict social hierarchy. In fact, chimpanzees are our closest cousins we share about 98 of our genes. Like us, chimps are highly social animals, care for their offspring for years and can live to be over 50. The Chimpanzee is one of our closest relatives, and is often likened toВ the ancestorВ of Homo Sapiens. Forests (moist and dry forests), Savannah Woodlands, and Grassland-Forest mosaics. The Chimpanzee is a species of Great Ape, located only in Africa. Chimpanzees Binominal Name: Pan Troglodytes

On this website you will find photos of wild chimpanzees taken by Will Burrard-Lucas in the Mahale Mountains of Tanzania and the Kibale Forest of Uganda.

Chimpanzee images